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Nestled in the Sahyadri mountains of Maharashtra, roughly 100 km east of Mumbai, lies the Bhimashankar Wildlife Reserve. Established in 1984 to protect the endangered Indian Giant Squirrel, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is a treasure trove of biodiversity. From the majestic tigers and elusive leopards to vibrant birdlife and a plethora of flora, the Western Ghats are a global hotspot for nature enthusiasts. However, amidst this rich ecosystem lies a hidden magic that awakens only during the monsoon season — the forests start to glow. You would think it is a scene straight out of a fantasy movie like Avatar but in fact, it is a real phenomenon in our own homeland. During the heavy rains of June to October, the Bhimashankar forest floor comes alive with an ethereal green light, a sight that leaves trekkers awestruck.
This otherworldly glow is the work of a tiny fungus called Mycena. Unlike most fungi, Mycena species possess a unique ability called bioluminescence. Through a complex chemical reaction involving an enzyme called luciferase, these fungi convert moisture into light. These bacteria then stick on branches, rotting leaves, and twigs like fungus, resulting in the ethereal glowing spectacle. This phenomenon isn't exclusive to the Bhimashankar forest. Bioluminescent fungi can be found in various parts of the world, particularly in old-growth forests with the perfect balance of moisture and humidity. However, in the Western Ghats, the Mycena species are particularly prolific, creating a truly spectacular display.
While the sight of the glowing forest is captivating throughout the monsoon season, witnessing it requires a bit of luck and planning. The Mycena fungi thrive on decaying wood and damp conditions. So, the best chance of encountering the glow is after a heavy downpour during a night trek, far from artificial light sources. If you visit the forest during the daytime, it would look nothing out of the blue. However, if you visit it during the nighttime, that’s when the real magic happens.
Imagine navigating a narrow jungle path, the air thick with the scent of rain and damp earth. As you switch off your torches, a faint green luminescence emerges from the forest floor. Rotting twigs and fallen leaves seem to radiate an otherworldly light, creating an exquisite carpet beneath your feet. The silence is broken only by the soft chirping of nocturnal insects, adding to the mystical ambiance.
The phenomenon of bioluminescent fungi has captivated humans for centuries. Early accounts of "glowing wood" can be traced back to Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder in the 1st century AD. Some Scandinavian tribes are even believed to have used pieces of glowing wood as markers while venturing into the forest. Scientists still don’t know the exact reason why the Mycena fung possesses these properties.
The bioluminescence is undoubtedly the star attraction, but a visit to the Bhimashankar Wildlife Reserve offers a much richer experience. Daytime treks reveal the diverse flora and fauna of the Western Ghats. The Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga, a revered Shiva temple, adds a cultural dimension to the trip.
The bioluminescent forest is a fragile ecosystem. To ensure its continued existence, responsible tourism practices are essential. Sticking to designated trails, minimizing light use at night, and avoiding disturbing the forest floor are crucial. The Bhimashankar Wildlife Reserve offers a glimpse into the magic hidden within our natural world. So, pack your rain gear, a sense of adventure, and prepare to be enchanted by the ethereal glow of this bioluminescent spectacle.
